5 skin spots you shouldn't worry about

If you have recently been exposed to the sun, you might have observed the appearance of additional spots on the exposed areas of your body, which can be brown, tan, or white in color. 

It is important to note that even if you currently practice sun protection, these spots can still develop as a result of sun exposure from many years ago.

Fortunately, the majority of these spots are not cancerous. However, it can be challenging to differentiate between benign spots and those that require medical attention. While these spots are caused by sun exposure, they do not have the potential to progress into cancerous growths.

Signs of skin spots

1. Freckles

If you have had freckles since childhood, you are likely familiar with their behavior of darkening when exposed to the sun and heat, and fading during the winter. While freckles themselves are not concerning, they do indicate a higher susceptibility to developing skin cancer.

 

2. Melasma

Melasma, characterized by uneven dark patches on the skin, is a condition that primarily affects women and typically manifests in their 20s and 30s.

These patches are often caused by prolonged sun exposure and can be exacerbated by hormonal changes associated with contraceptive use, pregnancy, or postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Additionally, low levels of thyroid hormone can contribute to the development of melasma. This condition can affect individuals of all skin types and tends to darken when exposed to the sun. However, it may fade during menopause when estrogen and progesterone levels decrease.

 

3. Lentigines

These pigmented skin spots are often referred to as "age spots" or "liver spots." They have an irregular shape, larger than freckles, and can range in color from tan to very dark brown.

Age spots typically develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin. Some may be the result of severe sunburns. They are prevalent among individuals of all skin types.

4. Seborrheic keratoses

Seborrheic keratoses typically present as round, dark, and raised lesions that may give the impression of being "stuck on" the skin, resembling a piece of gum. 

If there is uncertainty regarding the nature of these growths, whether they are seborrheic keratoses or potentially melanoma, it is advisable to seek consultation with a dermatologist for accurate diagnosis and appropriate medical guidance.

5. White spots

The medical term for these small smooth spots is idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis. This condition is more common in women, typically appearing after the age of 40, and tends to occur on sun-exposed areas of the body.

 

What should you do about them?

While there is no medical necessity to treat the aforementioned conditions, numerous over-the-counter products are marketed for minimizing the visibility of dark spots or enhancing skin tone.

It is important to exercise caution when considering these products, as they are classified as cosmetics rather than prescription medications, and their manufacturers are not required to provide evidence of their effectiveness.

However, dermatologists offer several proven techniques for addressing both dark and light patches of skin. These include chemical peels and prescription ointments containing hydroquinone or retinoic acid. Laser therapy can also be effective in treating dark spots.

It should be noted that all of these treatments are considered cosmetic procedures, meaning that insurance coverage typically does not apply to them.

When to see a dermatologist

It is crucial to maintain regular skin examinations to monitor for moles that are new, growing, changing, or display irregular shape and color. These signs may indicate melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, and immediate evaluation by a dermatologist is recommended.

Individuals with a family history of melanoma, over 40 moles, a history of tanning bed use, or multiple sunburns have a higher risk and should undergo regular dermatological screenings.

 

Furthermore, solar or actinic keratoses should also be assessed by a dermatologist as they can progress into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of cancer. These keratoses often appear as red, pink, tan, or clear bumps with a rough or scaly texture.

They may also resemble sandpaper-like patches that are difficult to visually distinguish from the surrounding skin. Although not as deadly as melanoma, squamous cell skin cancer can infiltrate deep into nearby tissue and occasionally spread to other areas of the body.

If you notice any new growths or persistent skin changes lasting more than a few weeks, it is recommended to consult a dermatologist. The American Academy of Dermatology's website provides helpful tools for identifying suspicious growths.

Conclusion

While most sun-induced skin spots are benign and do not pose a cancer risk, it can be challenging to differentiate between harmless spots and those requiring medical attention. 

Over-the-counter products may not always be effective, so it's advisable to consult a dermatologist for proven techniques like chemical peels, prescription ointments, or laser therapy.

Regular self-examinations are crucial to detect any suspicious moles, especially for individuals with a higher risk due to family history or multiple risk factors. Seeking prompt evaluation from a dermatologist is recommended for new growths or persistent skin changes lasting more than a few weeks.

Overall, prioritizing skin health through regular monitoring and professional consultations can contribute to early detection, appropriate treatment, and long-term well-being.